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Revitalization of States through Federal Power

"Critical Field" Technology Innovation

Maximized Profits on R&D and Investments

Prevention of Biochemical and Nuclear Proliferation

Homeland Security Technologies

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WORKING ON FINDING THE CURE

Panregenelin

The activity of the Panregenelin I was assessed by the degree of its effect on the glycemia level, the character of the repair processes (DNA synthesis, content, DNA, RNA and protein) in the pancreas, by the number of mitoses and acinic-islet cells in the pancreas (the number of mitoses or cells was calculated in 10 fields of vision at magnification of the microscope × 140, to be followed by calculation per one field of vision), as well as by the level of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, glucagon in blood serum of the animals with experimental diabetes mellitus.

The animal studies focused on four various regimens of administering Panregenelin and their effect on glycemia and character of the repair processes in the pancreas of the rats with diabetes mellitus. A regimen with double administration of the preparation to rats (the first administration – 48 hours after creation of the model of diabetes mellitus, the second administration – 14 days after the first one) was selected. The dogs received the preparation in a single dose immediately after a subtotal resection.

The studies showed that a successful treatment of organic insufficiency by the elevation of the repair processes in the patients own organs, with the help of the Panregenelin I can be achieved. Exemplified by the experimental models of incretory pancreatic insufficiency, the use of proliferation stimulators, obtained from the regenerating ILs from the pancreas led to restoration of the morphofunctional relationships and compensation of diabetes mellitus. Neither allergic nor inflammatory reaction, nor atypical alterations in the regenerating tissue were observed.

Diabetes is not contagious. People cannot "catch" it from each other. However, certain factors can increase the risk of developing diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes occurs equally among males and females, but is more common in whites than in nonwhites. Data from the World Health Organization's Multinational Project for Childhood Diabetes indicate that type 1 diabetes is rare in most African, American Indian, and Asian populations. However, some northern European countries, including Finland and Sweden, have high rates of type 1 diabetes. The reasons for these differences are not known.

Type 2 diabetes is more common in older people, especially in people who are overweight, and occurs more often in African Americans, American Indians, some Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islander Americans, and Hispanic Americans. On average, non-Hispanic African Americans are 1.6 times as likely to have diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of the same age. Hispanic Americans are 1.5 times as likely to have diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of similar age. American Indians have one of the highest rates of diabetes in the world. On average, American Indians and Alaska Natives are 2.3 times as likely to have diabetes as non-Hispanic whites of similar age. Although prevalence data for diabetes among Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders are limited, some groups, such as Native Hawaiians and Japanese and Filipino residents of Hawaii age 20 or older, are about twice as likely to have diabetes as white residents of Hawaii of similar age.

The prevalence of diabetes in the United States is likely to increase for several reasons. First, a large segment of the population is aging. Also, Hispanic Americans and other minority groups make up the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population. Finally, Americans are increasingly overweight and sedentary. According to recent estimates, the prevalence of diabetes in the United States is predicted to be 8.9 percent of the population by 2025.

Before the discovery of insulin in 1921, everyone with type 1 diabetes died within a few years after diagnosis. Although insulin is not considered a cure, its discovery was the first major breakthrough in diabetes treatment.

Today, healthy eating, physical activity, and insulin via injection or an insulin pump are the basic therapies for type 1 diabetes. The amount of insulin must be balanced with food intake and daily activities. Blood glucose levels must be closely monitored through frequent blood glucose checking.

Healthy eating, physical activity, and blood glucose testing are the basic management tools for type 2 diabetes. In addition, many people with type 2 diabetes require oral medication, insulin, or both to control their blood glucose levels.

People with diabetes must take responsibility for their day-to-day care. Much of the daily care involves keeping blood glucose levels from going too low or too high. When blood glucose levels drop too low--a condition known as hypoglycemia--a person can become nervous, shaky, and confused. Judgment can be impaired. If blood glucose falls too low, a person can faint. A person can also become ill if blood glucose levels rise too high, a condition known as hyperglycemia.

Diabetes is widely recognized as one of the leading causes of death and disability in the United States. In 2000, it was the sixth leading cause of death. However, diabetes is likely to be underreported as the underlying cause of death on death certificates. About 65 percent of deaths among those with diabetes are attributed to heart disease and stroke.

Diabetes is associated with long-term complications that affect almost every part of the body. The disease often leads to blindness, heart and blood vessel disease, strokes, kidney failure, amputations, and nerve damage. Uncontrolled diabetes can complicate pregnancy, and birth defects are more common in babies born to women with diabetes.

In 2002, diabetes cost the United States $132 billion. Indirect costs, including disability payments, time lost from work, and premature death, totaled $40 billion; direct medical costs for diabetes care, including hospitalizations, medical care, and treatment supplies, totaled $92 billion.

Almost everyone knows someone who has diabetes. An estimated 18.2 million people--6.3 percent of the population--in the United States have diabetes--a serious, lifelong condition. Of those, 13 million have been diagnosed. About 5.2 million people have not yet been diagnosed. Each year, about 1.3 million people age 20 or older are diagnosed with diabetes.

Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism--the way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy. Most of the food we eat is broken down into glucose, the form of sugar in the blood. Glucose is the main source of fuel for the body.

After digestion, glucose passes into the bloodstream, where it is used by cells for growth and energy. For glucose to get into cells, insulin must be present. Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas, a large gland behind the stomach.

When we eat, the pancreas is supposed to automatically produce the right amount of insulin to move glucose from blood into our cells. In people with diabetes, however, the pancreas either produces little or no insulin, or the cells do not respond appropriately to the insulin that is produced. Glucose builds up in the blood, overflows into the urine, and passes out of the body. Thus, the body loses its main source of fuel even though the blood contains large amounts of glucose.